The use of the Dative Case

(1) The dative case denotes the indirect object of a verb, i.e. the person for whom an action is performed, the recipient or beneficiary:
Мари́на звони́т ма́ме ка́ждый день. – Marina calls her mother every day.
Оте́ц посла́л де́ньги сы́ну.  – The father sent money to his son.

(2) The dative case denotes age:
Моему́ бра́ту три го́да. – My brother is three years old.
Мари́не испо́лнилось два́дцать пять лет. – Marina turned 25 years old.
Э́тому де́реву бо́льше девяно́ста лет. – This tree is more than 90 years old.

(3) Impersonal sentences may contain a logical (semantic) subject, which is often a noun (or pronoun) in the dative case. When a logical subject is present, it is often interpreted as the “experiencer,” that is, the person who experiences some emotional or physical state. This meaning is used with a question (кому? to whom) and in combinations:

a) with the verb нравиться – понравиться (кому?):
Мне нра́вится игра́ть на пиани́но. – I like to play the piano.
Кристи́не нра́вится обе́дать в э́том рестора́не. – Cristina likes to have lunch in this restaurant.

b) with the verb хотеться (кому?):
Вади́му хо́чется пойти́ в кино́. – Vadim wants to go to the movie theater.
Де́тям хо́чется игра́ть на де́тской площа́дке. – The kids want to play on the playground.

c) with words, denoting emotional or physical state such as холодно, жарко, весело, грустно, интересно, скучно (кому?):
Мне хо́лодно. – I’m cold.
Мари́не гру́стно. – Marina is sad.
Мое́й ба́бушке удо́бно сиде́ть на дива́не. – My grandmother is comfortable sitting on the sofa.

d) with predicative adverbs such as надо, нужно, можно, нельзя (кому?):
Мне ну́жно пойти́ в магази́н.  – I need to go to the store.
Студе́нтам нельзя́ опа́здывать на заня́тия. – Students must not be late for the lessons.

(4) the main meaning of the dative case with the preposition К – purpose of movement: the person and the object as a purpose of motion:
Я иду́ к врачу́. – I’m going to the doctor.
Мари́на подошла́ к окну́. – Marina came to the window.

(5) the meaning of the dative case with a preposition ПО:

a) the place of movement, the surface along which a movement proceeds:
Студе́нт идёт по коридо́ру. – A student is walking down the hall.
Он идёт по у́лице в больни́цу к врачу́. – He walks down the street to the hospital to the doctor.

b) the dative case with the preposition ПО expresses means of communication :
Он говори́т по телефо́ну.  – He is talking on the phone.
Я смотре́л фильм по телеви́зору. – I watched a movie on TV.
Она́ слы́шала но́вость по ра́дио. – She heard the news on the radio.

c) the dative case with the preposition ПО (question какой? which?) denotes the meaning in combination with the names of sciences:
уче́бник по биоло́гии – textbook in biology
экза́мен по матема́тике – exam in mathematics
тетра́дь по фи́зике – a notebook in physics

d) the time when a repeated action takes place, the question (когда? when?):
Он хо́дит в спортза́л по суббо́там. – He goes to the gym on Saturdays.
Я встреча́юсь с друзья́ми по воскресе́ньям. – I meet with my friends on Sundays.

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