The use of the Accusative Case

(1) The main use of the accusative case is to indicate the direct object of a verb:
Анто́н лю́бит Ма́шу. – Anton Loves Masha.
Мари́на у́чится води́ть маши́ну. – Marina is learning to drive a car.
Мой па́па купи́л стол. – My father bought a table.

(2) Another use of the accusative case is to designate the direction of movement (куда? – where? / where to?). 
Са́ша е́дет в о́фис на рабо́ту. – Sasha is going to his office to work.
За́втра мы пое́дем в парк. – Tomorrow we are going to the park.
Они́ хо́дят в университе́т ка́ждый день. – They go to the university every day.

(3) The accusative case is also used to denote time (the accusative case is applied only when we talk about the day of the week or the time on the clock) 
В понеде́льник и сре́ду у меня́ уро́ки ру́сского языка́. – On Monday and Wednesday I have Russian lessons.
Во вто́рник я не рабо́таю. – I am not working on Tuesday. / I don’t work on Tuesday.
Уро́к начина́ется в три часа́ дня. – The lessons starts at 3 pm.
Магази́н закрыва́ется в шесть часо́в ве́чера. – The store closes at 6 pm.

(4) When answering the question (когда? when?) the following constructions with accusative case can be used: час назад, неделю назад, месяц назад, etc. (in sentences with verbs in the past tense) – через час, через неделю, через месяц, через год, etc. (in sentences with verbs in the future tense). 
Мы смотре́ли э́тот фильм неде́лю наза́д. – We watched this movie a week ago.
Мой брат звони́л мне час наза́д. – My brother called me one hour ago.
Мы е́дем в Москву́ че́рез неде́лю. – We are going to Moscow in one week.
Че́рез ме́сяц я пое́ду в командиро́вку в Ки́ев. – I’ll go on a business trip to Kiev in a month.

(5) The accusative should be used when answering questions (как долго? how long?) and (как часто? how often?).
Я не спала́ всю ночь.  – I stayed up all night. / I didn´t sleep all night.
Они́ не могли́ реши́ть э́ту пробле́му це́лую неде́лю. – They couldn´t solve this problem all week.
Ка́ждую неде́лю мы хо́дим в кинотеа́тр. – Every week we go to a movie theater.
Ка́ждый ме́сяц Та́ня е́здит в го́сти к ба́бушке. – Every week Tanya goes to visit her grandmother.

(6) If a numeral is used to indicate duration (как долго? how long) as a specific number of minutes, hours, etc., a numeral is put in the accusative case. Thus in sentences with imperfective verbs the accusative case is used without a preposition and in sentences with perfective verbs the accusative case is used with a preposition ЗА.
Вчера́ я де́лала дома́шнее зада́ние три часа́. – Yesterday I did my homework for three hours.
Вчера́ я сде́лала дома́шнее зада́ние за три часа́. – Yesterday I did / finished my homework in three hours. / It took me three hours to complete my homework.

(7) To denote the time with the accusative case, the preposition НА can be used in determining the period of time during which something will continue (на какое время?)
Я хочу́ взять о́тпуск на неде́лю. – I want to take a vacation for a week.
В понеде́льник я уезжа́ю в командиро́вку в Санкт-Петербу́рг на две неде́ли. – On Monday I’m going on a business trip to St. Petersburg for two weeks.

(8) When ordering food and drink in a bar or restaurant, or when asking for someone on the telephone, it is normal to use the accusative, even though no verb may be present in the sentence:
Мне, пожа́луйста, соля́нку, а на второ́е котле́ту и сала́т. – I’ll have the solianka (a thick soup with meat or fish and vegetables) and for my main course cutlet and salad.
Алло́, до́брое у́тро! Мо́жно Мари́ну к телефо́ну? – Hello, good morning. May I speak to Marina, please?

(9) It is used in certain impersonal constructions.
Мне жаль (жа́лко) бра́та. – I feel sorry for my brother.
Мари́ну лихора́дит . – Marina feels feverish.
Петра́ зноби́т. – Petr feels shivery.